Employee Training Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Training - Case get wind ExampleAs the paper stresses tuition is a performance improvement tool that is critically key when employees are not performing up to a given criteria, standard or expected. A major analysis that can be conducted to indicate whether the human resource culture is required seeks to establish the residuum between the actual level and the expected level of job performance. One area involves the direct kin between employees. This is evident when individual performance is emphasized by employees more that team work. In this case, workers supply more preference to work a lone that sharing responsibilities or complementing each other.According to the report employee training is important in filling skill and knowledge gap, addresses performance issues and prepares employees for leadership and managerial responsibilities. The article, in addition, cites the ceaselessly changing technologies in the world of business. In this case, the company cannot a ssimilate the new technologies without proper skills impartation among employees. Still, employee training and development enables the team to address a range of issues around growth and change. This helps the organization adapt to geomorphologic change in the industry and the economy. Employee training and development is essentially important in ensuring that workers are unbroken updated with the current trends in economy, technology, knowledge and skills concerning their roles in the organization.

Writing skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writing skills - Essay ExampleI stand to be corrected. Like my old writing establishs, corrections were made to enhance ones awareness of weaknesses and thus gives the writer a chance for improvement. As I now remunerate on the writing skills that were developed during the course, I was surprise to discover that there were remarkable improvements in all lot of aspects. I was more aware of grammatic rules, correct punctuations, word choices and the most authoritative rules for citations and referencing. My previous apprehensions and fear in compositions were diminished as I became more confident in complying with writing requirements. I intimate that like any academic endeavors, I need to make the necessary preparations, research, drafts, on the subject that needs to be focused on. Of course, there is crucial relevance in determining the audience for which the written work is supposed to be used. Finally, the sources of information for the essay could be overwhelming that I learn ed to streamline and determine which are most significant in terms of screening authoritative information and those that could appropriately validate the credibility of the source. Most of all, I learned that writing is a skill that could be continually developed through constant practice.

Art Music of Caribbean Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art Music of Caribbean Latin America - examine ExampleFolklore too was used as subject matter for the songs, by symphonyians like Juan Francisco Garcia, for instance. There were continent influences too, like that of Claude Debussy on Marchenas music. Jose Dolores is famous for adding the bells and bass to band music in the army. Jazz was combine too, by Luis Alberti, and others. Rafael Ignacio is famous for popularizing dance music.Classical music was very influential in Cuba. Ernesto Lecuona, Amadeo Roldn and Julian Orbon are again three notable pioneers of this country. Musical forms like the Salsa, had their roots in the Son, which first began in the 1570s. The influx of African slaves as well as the Spanish colonization had lasting impact on the development of music. The Rumba, Danzon, Chachacha and other dance forms became very popular and influential also.In Puerto Rico, Felipe Gutirrez Espinosa was one of the best-known nineteenth century composers of religious music and operas. Manuel Gregorio Tavarez became the nations first Romantic composer, while Juan Morel Campos is known for pickings the danza form to its peak.Music in Latin America has progressed more or less similarly although, comparatively, the friar preacher Republic appears to have several more well-known exponents of music. Influence of the Spanish colonization and the immigration of African slaves were responsible for a lot of the music development.This vast and varied repertoire of music was influenced, to a spectacular degree, by the Spanish colonization. The elementary instrument of the guitar itself was introduced by the Spanish, without which a lot of the later musical forms would not have been conceived. The coming of the African slaves too made a profound impact, as they brought their traditional music along with them. The high-pitched nasal quality of singing, for instance, was introduced in this way.The political state too had a contribution to play.

CS Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CS Analysis - Essay ExampleTo date, Channel 4 is increasingly challenged to rise up with even more effective decision making strategies directed towards effective branding, cross media development, on-going available matters, diversification as well as channel strategy. However, Channel 4 is favored by juicy level of investment in the making go programs and it is characterized by high diversification levels. British boob tube is characterized by multiple forces, goals and programming approaches and is keener in absorption rather than redirection as a response to current and ever increasing market demands (Catterall 15). Channel 4 caters for specialist and minority groups totaling to approximately 10% to 20% of British viewers. Stiff competition has been the major factor that has pushed changes in the British television industry since the earlier 1980s, due to a multi-channeled system.Competition has had a major impact on the direction of Channel 4 in key performance areas.

Puzzler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Puzzler - Essay Exampleon is why would ace cosmoss predicate people of a forthcoming catastrophe without providing instructions on how to survive and not taking anxiety of mastering human communication in order to ensure people understand the prophecy all the way and avoid it?If we remember the famous prophecies, e.g. those of Nostradamus, Vanga and others, as often as not they argon ciphered. When it comes to prophecies, it is absolutely discipline that if people do not understand the cipher, they cannot possibly pr level offt any mishap. Prophecies of Nostradamus are only being deciphered after the event actually happens. In one of her prophecies the blind Bulgarian prophet Vanga predicted in 1980 the death of the Russian submarine Kursk the namesake of a Russian town. When she said Kursk will be drowned nobody could even imagine what it was all about because the town is situated very far from the sea. However, when the submarine had drowned, everyone was shocked at how the prophecy actually came true. They also say Vanga had metaphorically spoken about September 11 terrorist attacks in the USA and again nothing could possibly have been done to prevent them as the message from the superior beings was ciphered she said something about big iron birds that would kill the American brothersThere is a question why dont the prophets (who are supposed to act on behalf of superior beings yet have their ways to communicate their messages to people) make themselves clear enough to the public so that to enable them to prevent the catastrophe? wherefore use this cipher? However, if we ask them, many prophets would answer that they themselves do not know exactly what they are talking about, as they are not speaking from themselves but are just rendering the nurture sent to them from somewhere. This is the effect similar to channeling but with a supposedly negative outcome of the events predicted. So again we come to the point where there is a certain superior

Explicate Descartes dream argument, taking care to lay out what it Essay

Explicate Descartes visioning argument, taking care to lay out what it calls into doubt and the reason it does. How force you respon - Essay ExampleIn Descartes dream argument, he casts several doubts about the things he knew. First, he does non believe that all the information received by our senses is accurate. After his revelation, he undertook an intellectual rebirth. His first restless was to throw away everything he knew and believed in before proving himself that they were satisfactory. He concluded that it would be difficult to disassemble each idea individually, instead, he attacked the foundation. In his argument, he states that he often dreams of things that seem real in his sleep. In one dream where he sits by a fire, he give the gate feel the vehemence of the fire just like when he is wary. He concludes that if his senses can convey warmth while he is dreaming, then he cannot trust the fire exists when he feels it in his waking life. He goes ahead to vie that if we dream that our hands and bodies exist then they actually do. Even if certain objects do not exist, the basal colors that compose them exist. He trusts his perceptions of the existence of self-evident truths such as shapes and numbers because he believes in an omnipotent God who created these things. It can be argued that when we are asleep we could feel things similar to when we are awake because we cannot tell whether we a dreaming or not. It leads one to wonder whether we could just be constantly dreaming instead of beingness awake. Questions continue to flow in the human brain whether the knowledge we are gaining at any given time is true. He further states that, he does not have a body, instead, it is a brain filled with information and illusions by a powerful being. Similarly, to justify that our senses deceive us, a someone will have to recognize an error has occurred. In simple terms, one has to distinguish between being mistaken and being correct. It means one has t o see the deceptions and avoid being deceived. Ironically, therefore, in the presentation of examples of how senses can deceive, one is also justifying that they can see through deceptions. This undercuts the very claim argued. Therefore, when Descartes argues that he is deceived by his senses, he is indirectly arguing that he has seen through these deceptions. From Descartes explanations we can state that the difference between understanding and imagining is that, when we understand, the attend turns towards itself and inspects its ideas, but with imagining, the mind creates something in the physical world that matches with the thing in mind. We can say that imaginativeness only exists due to the presence of the body. The thinker claims that it is impossible for us to tell whether we are dreaming or not. However, dreaming differs from being awake in many respects. He does not mean this literally though, he is merely trying to demonstrate that senses can be deceiving. First, the co ntinuity available when one is awake does not exist in the dreamland. Things in the waking world remain the same daily unlike the dream world where things can change. Similarly, the dream world and the waking world have different rules. For instance, in the dream world the dead can walk and humans can fly among other strange things. As such, Descartes arguments do not warrant the amount and degree of skepticism that he holds. Various key exceptions for Descartes arguments include, first, he does not consider even the existence of the external reality. Descartes

The Culture of Gift and Bribe in Business Research Paper - 1

The Culture of Gift and Bribe in Business - interrogation Paper ExampleThere has been increasing calls for managers to ensure that they keep to the code of ethics in their work. As the leader of the organizations, managers atomic number 18 haven modified duty of looking at the needs of the organization in the sense datum that they have to take care of all the activities of the organization. Therefore they are expected to lead by example and show others where they are supposed to take the organization. The duties of a manager have been increasing in the recent past to include the factor of ensuring that there is fairness in business practice.One of the around recent ethical controversies that have engulfed the business world has been the issue of flori glossiness expectant of gift and bribes. It has been shown that the culture of giving bribes and gifts has become one of the most commonly practiced business practice. The debate on whether gifts and bribes in business are justi fied or not is been centered on several issues. This has been dictated by the ethnic practices of different communities in the world. Let us look closely at the concept of giving of bribes and gifts in business. (Iniobong 2007, p. 4)In the operation of the business, a manager is likely to come into contact with many concourse. These people are of diverse cultural practice and have different values that are attached to the cultural practices. This has become a dilemma in the modern market which has been dictated by the increasing graze of globalization which has been marked by the increased movement of people and increased interaction as well. The culture of gifts and bribes is taken differently according to a different society. For example, the culture of giving gifts is very common in China and from time to time people will give different gifts in different occasion. This is withal extended to the business world and is not express mail to the social life of the people. Reeling from a socialist economy, Chinese have not been fully embraced by the capitalist world and there is still a sense of community or togetherness that usually characterizes these regimes. On the other hand the culture of giving gifts in the States is very rare. In the western world gift are only given in special occasion. Therefore they are limited to the social life of the people and in the business world they are only limited to the end year party and usually meant to raise the morale of the employees. Therefore when the Chinese businesses come to America, they come with their gift-giving culture. On the other hand when the American business goes to China they take with them limited gift-giving culture. This has been a source of conflict for a long time now for businesses operating under the preceding(prenominal) mentioned condition. (Scott 2005, p.2)But in the business world it is the bearing of giving that gift that matter. Though you may give someone a gift with good intention they may receive the gift with another intention rather than that one that you meant. Therefore there has been a notion that these gifts are meant to bribe the one receiving them in order to grant some favor.In the business context, this has become a major issue that has brought intimately a ranging debate. It has been seen that there has been increased gift giving especially between the public official who is in power and the business manager who seek to have favor in the business process.

Why should Donuts be banned Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why should Donuts be banned - Research Paper ExampleHowever, their stress is not enough to keep the supporters of the ban quiet. They say that donuts should be banned. They should disappear from the bakeries. They should not be be in bakeries that are located outside the hospitals because patients must be stopped from consuming the unhealthy food. For example, the capital Health banned donuts in bakeries outside hospitals in Tim Hortons. The idea behind was to enable the staff of the hospital and patients to make healthier choices when it came to their eating habits. In 2009, deep fryers were excessively banned in the hospitals cafeterias for the same reasons. orotund people are also at a chance of catching more obesity if they volition continue to eat donuts. Also, since kids are so much attracted to this round delight, they consume a lot of them which fills their stomachs with eject calories not providing them sufficient energy and nutrients. This also makes them obese if t hey do not consume donuts in balance. So, the building block concept revolves around promoting a healthier lifestyle where people are at least chance of catching diseases associated with sugary food. On the other hand, the opponents of donut ban also stupefy to say something to give up some delight for their taste buds. They say that banning something to eat is of no sense. They state that alcohol is also banned for under-eighteen people but this only increases the fantasy. Banning donuts will also increase the demand for them. harmonize to them, a sensible step is to discourage people from eating them. People should be made beaten(prenominal) with the healthier choices they can make. Patients should be taught the drawbacks of eating donuts so that they stop buying them. Patients always know what they have to eat. If they go for donuts, it is their choice. People opposing the ban say that donuts are not the only sugary bosom in the market that needs a ban then. The need is to create awareness rather than making eatables disappear

Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational Design Research Paper - 2

Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational aim - Research Paper Example432).The real problem was that GM had developed too many levels of centering. The issuance of corporate stuff was huge. So the decision making was slow and cumbersome, and, therefore, change was difficult. So the major contest the new management faced was to eliminate the hierarchical levels and reduce the total number of managers. The top management expected that such a move will reduce operating cost, improve communication, and encourage innovation. any(prenominal) analysts estimated a termination of 20,000 managers. The task was enormous (Jones & Mathew, 2007, p. 432).The board was of the belief that the shareholders interest house be served scarce by taking tough organizational design decisions. In 1993, GM announced its intention to keep down 50,000 hourly and 24,000 salaried jobs and to close or consolidate 21 parts and assembly plants by 1995 to publish money. The revolt by the board was an impo rtant mile stone in GMs history. From that raze on, GMs performance improved every year (Jones & Mathew, 2007, p. 432).Conflict is non all well-nigh war, violence, and loss of life. By definition, a conflict is simply a disagreement among people on an issue. Conflicts can be small, as among two persons, or they can be large and complex, as among two or more countries. Conflict is a natural and normal part of human life and interaction. When communication to see a conflict is constructive, the conflict is beneficial. Constructive approach stimulates new understandings and more socially just rootage with stronger relationship. In case of a communication breakdown, conflict can lead to separation and hostility (Sughru, 2009, pp.7-8). dapple analyzing conflicts, it is better to break down the issue into five variables (Sughru, 2009, p. 10). First and foremost we need a accomplish picture of the actors and understand their direct or indirect role. In other cases, an actor may not be

Financial Management Individual Work 1 Week 10 Essay

Financial Management Individual Work 1 Week 10 - Essay Exampletransnational firms experience economies of scale as part of their pecuniary strategies. This relates to the advantages that accrue to a firm as a result of large-scale production. The large volume of the units produced by the firms, result in a decrease in the cost of producing each individual product. Through the process of rationalization, international corporations argon able to achieve the advantages of worldwide integration as they are able to manage their resources adequately. It further allows marcher firms to adapt to the particularised product needs and financial requirements of the countries in which they operate such as receipts and opposite business regulations. The subsidiaries are encouraged to operate as national firms through compliance with the specific needs of the nations in which they are located but retaining some advantages such as sharing of financial risks with their affiliated firm. Another a dvantage of economies of scale is that it reduces the cost of raw materials as well as other overhead costs which lead to coarse profits in the long-run (Ogilvie, 2006).World-wide integration strategy allows multinational firms to develop standardized products which bear global appeal thus are able to generate huge profits owing to the fact that they are generally accepted and pick outred by many people.Multinational firms can be adversely affected by the regulations imposed by banking institutions operating globally. Such challenges whitethorn be due to liquidity problems and interest rates. As a result, financial managers of the multinational firms must acquire the cost of accessing loans in their countries of operation as well as investment opportunities available in those countries. They prefer operating in countries in which the banking sector is subject to international policies which have been set up by the International Monetary Fund. The domestic firms are in direct

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

See below - Essay Example53(1) of the Law of piazza Act 1925, to be in writing. If it is not in writing it can only take progeny as a resulting, implied or constructive trust to which that section has no application (pntodd.users.netlink.co.uk). The court move a distinction between express agreement and the inference of the intentions. According to the court, the intentions should get crystallized at the time of acquisition of the property, and not by the conduct of the parties subsequently. However, subsequent conduct may form as an evidence of intention when there is no express agreement at the outset, irrespective of the fact that the parties were married. Viscount Dilhorne stated, I agree with my noble and learned friend professional Diplock that a claim to a beneficial delight in land made by a person in whom the judicial estate is not vested and whether made by a stranger, a spouse or a former spouse must depend for its success on establishing that it is held on a trust to give effect to the beneficial pastime of the claimant as a cestui qui trust. ... Lord Hoe of Craighead observed in Stack v. Dowden that inPettitt v Pettitt1970 AC 777,Gissing v Gissing1971 AC 886 andLloyds Bank v Rosset1991 1 AC 107the dispute was between a husband (or his secured creditor) and a wife the property in question was in single legal self-command and the matter relied on by the non-owner claimant was no more than relatively trivial work and InGissingitself Lord Reid (at 896F) Lord Morris (at 898B) and Viscount Dilhorne (at 901A) simply repeated the formula which appears in section 53(2) of the Law of Property Act 1925, resulting, implied or constructive trust. For the interpretation of law, taking note of the spirit behind the law and its context under the prevailing circumstances are given due consideration by the judiciary in its judgments, though precedents put-on an important role in defining the fundamental policy, as upheld in the earlier cases, governing t he legal decisions. Goo (2002, p. 518) states that The payment of installments by the son or daughter-in-law gave rise to direct proprietary interests by carriage of constructive trust, though it is true that, until Gissing v Gissing 1971 AC 886, the law relating constructive trusts in this field was not much considered. Apart from the statutes and the precedents, the interpretation of the law varies from case to case. However, it should be remembered that though the broader frame work is provided by the statutes and the precedents, the court decisions are also influenced by the circumstances obtained in a particular case on account of the peculiar situations underlying need for redressing the genuine difficulties in consistent with the conventions prevailing in the orderliness at that particular point

Social Security Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Security Assignment - Research Paper representativeThe ongoing program is deemed to be insolvent by 2037 if no further additions are made to it. The difficulty with todays ongoing plan is that it requires a great deal of money. As per the Washington office staff report, with the passage of time the federal g all overnment will have to find supernumerary money to ply to the needs of this plan. The present situation makes the United States unable to mobilize such a great metre by itself. So naturally, the government will be compelled either to borrowing or to raising the taxes because by the year 2027 the annual deficits of the US will have reached $200 one thousand thousand and by 2033, $300 million (Whitehouse Social Security). Even if the authorities raise the taxes to meet the expenses of the current plan, it will not be a suitable measure in the future as the costs also get increase and this will be greater than the revenue received from tax collection. In this regard, the present dodge of affable security does not seem to be a permanent program. As Elrod reports in Senior Citizen Journal, by privatizing social security, the government puts the hideaway money in the hands of the workers to invest in private retirement accounts. As a portion of their salary is retained through pay roll tax and for this goal it does not inflict any burden on the common muckle in the form of additional tax. According to Elrod, this is useful to the workers as they get a lump sum amount after retirement, and it kindle be invested to greater opportunities such as share market. People will have control over their personal accounts. As per the new plan, there will be no change for the existing system for people who were born in the lead 1950. According to the new plan, employees have the opportunity to contribute towards a stock likewise thrift saving. Here the amount to be contributed by each person is decreased as he or she gets closer to the retiring age. The participants will not be allowed to access their personal accounts before they get retired. The new plan seems to be odd when it comes to the riches and income distribution. As for the high earning partition, the new proffer is not a problem. In the US, the majority of wealth is concentrated in the hands of a fewer people. Majority of rich people do not receive any income from workings to constitute their wealth on the other hand, they have it from the property they own. As Domhoff points out, the upper class own 34.4% of the privately held wealth the shopping center class including professionals, the managerial and small scale industrialists hold 50.5% of wealth, and at last the common people comprising the peasants, daily wagers, and salary workers own only 15% of wealth. It definitely shows that the 20% of the total population enjoys 85% of the total wealth of the nation. As the above argument maintains, the majority of the rich are not working under the public sector, soc ial security is not a matter of concern for them. It is the lower middle class that earn income from working who need any further social security. If the working lower class is asked to set aside a portion of their monthly earning to contribute to the social security fund, it affects their living as they will find it difficult to meet the both ends. So, this new plan is going to affect no(prenominal) other than the lower and middle level working class. Providing social security to its subjects is the responsibility of the government. Government has to manage this function without exerting any extra burden on the

Networking and communication sys (sockets) Assignment

Ne bothrking and communication sys (sockets) - Assignment ExampleIn contrast, for example, when we send letter through post office, no connection is established between the sender and recipient role of the letter .To reestablish connection in this connectionless communication governance, next letter is the only option. fig 2 Connection oriented and Connectionless Socket Programming(Ginni T. 2010) 3. Analyzing the flow of code from top to bottom gives a better understanding. Set up few variables to store information on the IP address and port on which the socket legion allow be executed to generate socket. Next, bound it to the specified addresses and port. Wait for incoming requests to establish connections. Once a client connection is received, the socket accepts the request to handle information exchange. Client now sends virtually data as input, which is read by the server socket and executed. Both generated sockets are terminated after server sends output certify to the cl ient (as in Khanna S.1995). Summarizing, the four important steps in socket programming between client and server involves opening the socket opening an input and output stream to the socket reading from and writing to the socket according to server protocols change up . 4. Socket is implemented at the client side for sending requests to the machine port, and requires IP/hostname (address) of the server magical spell Server Socket, executed on the server side, listens and answers client queries in reference to its port number. 5. Thread is the smallest building block of processes during execution that can be scheduled by an operating system. It is used for duplication of computer programs, when two or more tasks are executed concurrently. The string along has four high level states namely, ready, running, waiting and dead. Fig 3. A process with two reap of execution (Shaw Philip 2011) 6. Threads can be created by all implementing runnable interface when requirement is of sing le thread and extending the thread class for multiple threads. Depending on number of threads either of the two process is preferred. Extending Thread Class Fig4.Thread Creation(Olira G.) is preferred while creating multiple threads. 7. When a thread instead of being scheduled by current operating system is lined up by virtual machine, its called green thread whereas working thread usually handles many concurrent tasks, allocating one thread to perform one task. 8. Thread is the smallest unit of processes during execution, which can be organized by an operating system whereas runnable is an interface used to create threads in the same process. Implementing a Runnable may have some advantages over extending thread while creating single thread. 9. Multithreading is the execution of different parts of a processcalledthreads, concurrently at the same time without interfering with each other. In reference to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to fudge the access of multip le threads (or tasks) to the shared resources so that one thread do not spay a shared variable while another is in the process and hence, avoiding errors. In the diagram thither are three threads of a single process, each with a different query and response. Fig5. synchronism in Multithreading(LandrieuS.,2008) 10. Preemptive scheduling is the act of temporarily interrupting ataskbeing carried out by the processor and resuming it later. Time slicing is the time period for which

Divorce and Children Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Divorce and Children Issue - act ExampleThere is a significant consensus among academic publications that divorce as an event has a earnings negative effect on childrens experience of well-being, unless different authors differ significantly as to the discernments why such(prenominal) differences might exist and the farseeing term psychological impact on children of divorce. open opinion, however, is nearly unanimous in believing that divorce is damaging for children, though some argue that the long term impact might be better. In interviews, people generally state ideas that they have consumed from media (both parole and popular) ab verboten divorce essentially saying that the odds are that divorce will be harmful, but significant steps can be taken to reduce or mitigate that harm. Overall, the sources are in remarkable agreement about the effect of divorce on children of divorce. ... gely tried to make sense out of former research we know that adults and children from sep arate families, as a group, score lower than their counterparts in married-couple families on a variety of indicators of wellbeing. This essentially mirrors statements made in each of the other articles in fact, the other deuce articles treat the idea that damage is done during the process of divorce as a known fact, for pillowcase McGuiness simply quipping that obviously, divorce reverberates in a childs life for many years, (2006, 20), and stating that the fundamental impartiality is that marriage offers substantial benefits to children (McGuiness, 2006, pg. 17). Hetheringtons research also largely concurred, indicating that almost any measure of wellbeing was worse amongst children of divorce than children who were not from divorced households. These researchers differed significantly, however, in their interpretation of why children of divorce performed worse than ones who marry. though each researcher made reference to the tempting notion that there was some sort of plectron bias in play (IE that children of divorce were less happy because the family situation of parents who decide to get divorced is likely to have problems that filter down to affecting the child), none of the researches were convinced that this process amounted to the primary reason for the apparent negative impact of divorce. Amato (2000, pg. 1287) even, in his survey of recent research, found that when largely controlling for variables such as family situation and so forth, divorce itself seemed to be problematic, that is that two children in exactly the same concomitant would have differing levels of success based on whether or not their parents were married. Given that selection

Recycling paper Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

recycle news reputation - Lab Report ExampleRecycling paperIt is estimated that recycling one ton of paper saves up to seventeen trees, seven thousand 26500 liters of piss, 1400 liters of oil, 3.3 cubic yards of landfill and 4, 000 kilowatts of energy, and strangle green gas emissions by one ton of carbon equivalent. Paper as is known forthwith was first made 2200 years ago in China by an official of the Chinese dynasty he was known as Tsai Lun at Lei Yang.The paper looks at the three most world-shattering usage and benefits of recycling paper. These holdRecycling leads to the conservation of natural resources as less tress compulsion to be cut to influence new paper, which in effect tailors the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to the environmentRecycling also saves energy and water that could have been utilize during the manufacturing regale of paper from virgin trees, below is a research study conducted in the UK, cementing this point Recycling frees these landfill ar eas to allow space for different types of trash that cannot be easily recycled. It is also eventful that such landfills are freed as the cost of land is today at a premium The report therefore seeks to review key developments in paper recycling over the last few decades which saw initiatives aimed at bettering recycling kneades, innovations and education play a vital design in increasing recycling rates, the efficacy of certain processes and a surge in more defined corporate social responsibility. The paper looks at the three most significant usage and benefits of recycling paper. These include Recycling leads to the conservation of natural resources as less tress need to be cut to make new paper, which in effect reduces the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to the environment Recycling also saves energy and water that could have been used during the manufacturing process of paper from virgin trees, below is a research study conducted in the UK, cementing this point Recyclin g frees these landfill areas to allow space for other types of trash that cannot be easily recycled. It is also central that such landfills are freed as the cost of land is today at a premium design It is estimated that recycling one ton of paper saves up to seventeen trees, seven thousand 26500 liters of water, 1400 liters of oil, 3.3 cubic yards of landfill and 4, 000 kilowatts of energy, and reduce green gas emissions by one ton of carbon equivalent. Paper as is known today was first made 2200 years ago in China by an official of the Chinese dynasty he was known as Tsai Lun at Lei Yang (Roth and George, 2000). However, before Egyptians, Greeks and the Romans used Papyrus weed as a writing materials. This first piece of paper that was made by the Chinese official was rudimentary, rough, and in truth heavy, despite this shortcomings, this piece of craftsmanship was the stepping stone for end product of paper that were much light, and very white. The use of paper cannot be taken lightly it has immense significant contribution to piece civilization and the growth of knowledge. In modern times paper finds use in a variety of uses, paper is used as packaging materials in most industries, used in making tissue for usage in washrooms, used in production of newspapers for dissemination of information to the public. Moreover, papers are also used in the production of billions of textbooks and exercise books for billions of school going children and higher education purposes. The multiple uses of paper in different sectors human live and particularly the need to increase knowledge continually coupled with the benefit of environmental conservation necessitated recycling of papers. A German immigrant who had gained sufficient knowledge in papermaking first did this human desire in the United States in 1690 he made paper from left cotton wool and wood fiber. The processes The process of recycling paper passes through two important steps, the first is the collection s tage, and the second most important stage after collection of paper waste is the processing stage. These two stages have various other sub processes, and they will be discussed in these subsequent paragraphs. Collection This is the first step in the process of paper recycling, this is the most important and needs contribution from the users of paper, in this process bins containing waste paper should be strategically located in such that a way that users easily identify the bin and adhere waste papers in that bin. Figure 1 Bins that

Economics History Essay Example for Free

Economics History EssayDuring the 1980s Mexico experienced what Latin American social scientists call a compound in its development homunculus. Gone is the import-substitution industrialization model that characterized Mexico since the 1930s. Instead, Mexico has become an open economy in which the states intervention is limited by a new effectual and institutional framework. Under the new model, the tendency is for the market to replace regulation, mystical ownership to replace earthly concern ownership, and competition, including that from inappropriate goods and investors, to replace protection. Nothing illust place the change in strategy more vividly than the pursuit of a free trade agreement with the United States, first mentioned by Salinas in June 1990, and the constitutional reform of wreak distribution and the ejido system adopted at the end of 1991 (Watling, 1992). What prompted this change in development strategy? Mexico had interpreted a risk in the 1970s by bo rrowing heavily in world keen markets and indulging in over-expansive policies, and then paid dearly when oil charges pull down and world interest order rose.Adjustment to the new circumstances required a policy that would increase net exports, generating foreign deepen to service the external debt. Because the government, not the private sector, owed most of the external debt, fiscal policy also had to change in order to increase revenues and cut noninterest expenditures. The restoration of growth required changes that would condition confidence and hike private capital inflows by means other than commercial bank loans, which were no longer available.Finally, to pull ahead the economy more flexible and competitive in a global context, the rules that governed the flow of goods and investment had to change. In mid- 1982Mexico was in a deep economic crisis. The international environment was adverse to a Mexico saddled with foreign debt. World interest rates were high, the pr ice of oil, Mexicos main export, was falling, and commercial banks had stopped lending. This unfavorable international environment exacerbated the consequences of domestic imbalances and contributed to rampant swelling, capital pip, and chaos in the financial and foreign exchange markets.To confront the intrinsic imbalances and accommodate the adverse external conditions, Mexico was compelled to adjust its expenditures, reorient its output, and find new ways to foster growth. In the early 1990s Mexico gained recognition as a country successfully managing economic adjustment and reform. lump slowed, flight capital was returning, domestic and foreign investment was rising, and per capita output began to grow. The path to recuperation, however, had been far from smooth. Well into the late 1980s, analysts wondered why Mexicos recovery was so slow despite the sound macroeconomic policies and structural reforms it had instituted.The slow recovery imposed high social costs on the Mex ican population, as per capita real disposable income fell on average by 5 percent a year between 1983 and 1988. For some 6 years the Mexican government focused economic policy on restoring stability, particularly on laboured the rate of inflation and keeping the loss of international reserves in check. It finally succeeded in 1988, when inflation decreased from monthly averages close to 10 percent at the beginning of the year to about 1 percent by years end. However, growth did not follow.Only a combination of more determinant external support and a shift in Mexicos development strategy managed to produce a turnaround. The changes regarding the part of the state in economic matters and the countrys economic interaction with the rest of the world are particularly striking. Reforms seek to reduce state intervention and regulation so as to open new investment opportunities, build business confidence, and create a more flexible and efficient incentive structure. These reforms have called for substantial modifications in the legal and institutional frameworks of the economy that will shape the country for decades to come.In the late 1970s, on the preposterous assumption that the rise in world oil prices and the availability of cheap external credit would continue, the Mexican government engaged in a spending spree. The resulting fiscal deficit increased inflation rates and the trade deficit. The fiscal and external gaps were filled with external borrowing. In 1981, when the price of oil began to fall and external credit became more expensive and of a shorter maturity, the Mexican government failed to implement fiscal and relative price adjustments to adapt to the new, less favorable conditions.Fear of an imminent devaluation of the peso fueled capital flight, and a enlarged nominal devaluation followed in early 1982 (Banco de Mexico, 1983). As inconsistent policies were pursued, the macroeconomic environment became increasingly chaotic. Capital flight conti nued, and as reserves were depleted and no more credit was available to service debt payments, in appalling 1982 the Mexican government had to declare an involuntary moratorium on its debt, triggering a debt crisis that soon acquired global proportions.Tensions between the private sector and the government peaked in September 1982, when the government announced the nationalization of the banking system (Banco de Mexico, 1983). When Miguel de la Madrids government came to power in December 1982, it confronted the unenviable task of restoring economic stability in the count of a hostile domestic private sector and reluctant external creditors.In other Latin American countries the semipolitical resistance of different social groups expressed in massive strikes or threats of coups added to the clime of economic instability and made the necessary adjustment more difficult. However, Mexicos difficulties cannot be blamed on the political resistance of wage earners or other social group s to absorbing the costs of adjustment. In Mexico, policymakers enjoyed remarkable emancipation to act during six years of economic hardship. There were no serious wage conflicts, threats from the military, peasant uprisings, or active guerrilla movements.

John Locke Research Paper Essay Example for Free

crapper Locke Research Paper Essay passim history there have been many philosophers that impacted the world. Philosophers such as hind end Locke have do todays society in a number of ways. John Locke was extremely influential and has had some of the most changeless impacts on the ideas still to this day. John Locke has inspired a many of people throughout his lifetime and knead the way for philosophers and great minds of the generations to come. John Locke was an face philosopher, born on August 29 1632, in Somerset, England. He was born into a Protestant family (Faiella 24). Lockes mother died when he was an infant and he was raised by his father John, who is said to have had an influence on Lockes views (24). In 1652, Locke attended Christ Church College to poll medicine (25).However, Locke found the perfections and theories of modern philosophers of his time more interesting than the material he studied firearm at Christ Church, which led to Locke never pursuing a ca reer as a remedy (25). Lord Anthony Ashley barrel maker sought out Lockes assistance to treat a liver cyst barrel maker soon became impressed with Locke and appointed Locke to be his advisor (28). Locke then joined the Royal.Society where he met individuals with whom he discussed mortality and religion, which resulted in the creation of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (Powell, Jim Locke inhering in force(p) to Life, Liberty, and Property). Locke treasured to have more and pursued a position in which he could examine toleration, education and trade, leading to Locke and Anthony Ashley Cooper working closely together (Powell, Jim John Locke pictorial sort out to Life, Liberty, and Property). Anthony Cooper was the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, and it was in the Shaftesbury theatre where some of Lockes most influential ideas came alive.Cooper assisted in forming Lockes ideas it was within the Shaftesbury household during 1671 that the meeting, which resulted in the devising of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, took place (25). Lockes friendship with Cooper became complicated, causing Locke to move to Holland where he became connected with the English Rebels (Faiella 29). Eventually, Locke was placed on a list of 85 traitors who were wanted by the English governwork forcet as a result of his works (29). During 1683, Locke used an alias, Dr. Van Der Linden, to sign letters being sent to his peers (Powell, Jim John Locke cancel Right to Life, Liberty and Property).Locke was offered a pardon offered by William Penn but, Locke wouldnt accept the pardon because he believed he didnt do anything to deserve his criminal status and he stood by his beliefs (Faiella 30). In 1686 composition in Holland Locke was meeting with peers to discuss philosophical ideals and plot to overthrow King James II. Locke was later aloof from the list of traitors (31). After the Glorious Revolution Locke returned to England and helped draft the Toleration Act of 1689 (31). Locke believed in many things as a philosopher, one of Lockes most known ideals was Natural Law. Locke strongly believed in Natural Law, which stated men have natural flops which cannot be given to you by rulers (Stephens, George M. John Locke His American and Carolinian Legacy). Locke also believed in the sociable Contract, which stated that, a persons moral or political obligations should rely on an agreement in consecrate to form a society (John Locke His American Carolinian Legacy). Locke strongly believed that people lived in a certain sound out of Nature before there was society.Locke stated that the State of Nature was when people lived with no judge, no laws and no punishment for their crimes (Treatises on Government). Locke thought that laws of society existed for the common good of the population as a satisfying (Treatises on Government). People could not break the social boil down because it would result in chaos (Treatises on Government). Locke also believed that th e government existed to assist the needs of the people and if it should not fulfill its job to the people, people had the right to overthrow the government (John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property).Locke believed that without a majority rule the social contract wouldnt work (John Locke His American and Carolinian Legacy). Therefore, Locke wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding which was based on his beliefs and experiences (Powell, Jim. John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke also wrote a Letter Concerning Toleration, which discussed an idea of religious toleration for everyone except Atheists and Catholics. (John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property).Locke believed education is for liberty and that people train by examples and that this is the way society should learn (John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Locke also fought for freedom of the press and opposed the renewal of the act for formula of printi ng (John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Clearly, John Locke had a very big impact throughout the world, even though during his time he was viewed as a criminal for some of his ideas. Locke provoked revolutions in Europe, Latin America, and in Asia (Powell, Jim. John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property).John Locke influenced the solution of the Rights of Men, in 1789 tour in France, which recognized property rights. (Stephens, George M. John Locke His American and Carolinian Legacy). Locke also influenced Montesquieus beliefs regarding the separation of powers (Powell, Jim. John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). Also one of Lockes greatest influences was his assistance in inspiring the French Revolution (John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty and Property). John Locke influenced the United States in a number of different ways.For example, Lockes southward Treatise Concerning Civil Government inspired the American Revolution ( Powell, Jim. John Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property). Also, In the Declaration of Independence it states how King George violated his contract with the colonist, which was influenced by Lockes ideas (Stephens, George M. John Locke His American and Carolinian Legacy).The Fifth Amendment of the United States temperament discusses property rights, which was also inspired by John Locke (John Locke His American and Carolinian Legacy). In the constitution the legislative stage has more power than a single official but has no veto power, another ideal of Locke (John Locke His American and Carolinian Legacy).In conclusion, John Locke inspired many people throughout history with his strong beliefs and ideals. Locke was criminalized and wanted for his beliefs. Lockes ideas have influenced not only England or the United States of America, but have resulted in a change in the world. Locke inspired people of his time, and implemented lasting ideas and changes in the government , and Locke inspired other philosophers. Philosophers same to Locke have used Lockes ideas as a foundation to further mold the world we live in, and shape societies.John Locke has made a lasting impact and his ideas will continue to impact the world. Works Cited Faiella, Graham. John Locke His Life John LockeChampion of Modern Democracy New York Rosen Group, 2005. 24-31. Print. Locke, John. Two Treatises on Government. 1690. Print. Powell,Jim Jim Locke Natural Right to Life, Liberty, and Property The Freeman. Foundation for Economic Education. 1 August 1996. Web. 6 October 2014. Stephens, George M. John Locke His American and Carolinian legacy. John Locke Foundation. N. D. Web. 2 October 2014.

Safeguarding the security of Americans Essay Example for Free

Safeguarding the security of Americans EssayThe FDA is liable for safeguarding the security of Americans by ensuring that all types of Pharmaceutical and biological products, cosmetics, medical equipment and the nations diet supplies ar inspected and meet the standards expected. However, this has been compromised because the face faces severe under funding. Hence, the nation is experiencing increased eludings of wellness problems like poisoning, illnesses and even deaths resulting from consuming infected food. To balk much fatal outcomes in future, boosting FDA funding is mandatory for improved accomplishment. There are various estimates with estimate to cases relating to deaths resulting from consuming infected food. Ames, Iowa-based Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, an organization composed of 36 scientific societies, suggests that anywhere from 6.5 trillion to 33 million illnesses and up to 9000 deaths each year may be caused by food borne hazards (Sc hmidt p.2).Further, the centerfield for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that yearly, 76 Million cases of illnesses associated with food contamination and over 300,000 people are hospitalized. In addition, 5000 people and more die from illnesses associated with the same. These figures are particularly threatening and worrying in particular payable to the detail that the causes are known and these incidences can be avoided altogether. It is even more annoying because America has comme il faut capacity in terms of financial resources and technical know how to adequately address this problem.On January seventh, cardinal thousand and eight, The Massachusetts subdivision of Public Health found out that a bacterium called Listeria monocytogenes was traced clog to a milk-processing plant. Well, the bacterium is in most cases found in such environments though it is particularly grueling around domesticated and wild animals. One hundred samples were taken and the results sho wed that sixteen of those contained the bacterium.The factory claims that it complied with the FDA regulations but an eructation still occurred. Of course this was not intentional changes in processing food could cause an outbreak. Changes in food processing in umpteen instances provide suitable conditions for specific bacterium to thrive. Donald Schaffner, an extension specialist with the Department of Food Sciences at Rutgers University in New Jersey says, some emerging blood lines have resulted from changes in rich food production.Sometimes, a change in food production optimizes proliferation of a rare strain and makes that strain more common, he says. Other times, these unique strains have always been there, but we get to know them because bran-new tools and techniques tell us they are there (Schmidt p.3).Other causes of food contamination include poor sanitisation. In these cases, food is not well supervised by the manufacturers who pay little or no attention to sanitati on of the equipment they use during processing. Naturally, most foods have small quantities of bacteria which have no effect to humans.However, these if poorly handled are a take a chance to human health. Also, if food is not well prepared, it totals to food borne diseases. Animal products should especially be given attention during preparation. Lastly, inappropriate food storage mechanisms in various ways do contribute to multiplying of the bacteria, causing food poisoning.Recently, America has experienced a pattern of food borne diseases being contacted by its population. agree to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, such diseases include salmonellosis, listeriosis, and hemolytic uremic syndrom.Presently, the FDA is undergoing great criticism as a result of its inability to keep the worldly concern free of contaminated food. Officials from FDA have on received occasions acknowledged that they can not tell if the product is contaminated before they get complaints fr om the public and the police.Besides, the FDA in some cases actually knows about food contamination in certain manufacturing plants and farms but founder to act accordingly until death and illness cases are reported. For instance, in the cases of contamination and sanitation problems at a Peanut butter manufacturing company in Georgia and on Spinach farms in California, the FDA acted only after three deaths and hundreds of sicknesses were reported. This apparently implies incompetence on their part.The FDA staff is estimated to be around seven thousand people. However, this number of workers is expected to inspect close to sixty two thousand factories as well as opposite imported products from other countries. This is certainly a huge workload. Based on the above statistics, it would take the FDA xiii years to inspect each factory once, without having to inspect the seemingly increasing products from other countries. This poor commitance is because of under funding.The organizat ion only receives a third of the budget allocated to food safety despite the fact that it controls almost 80% of the nations food. It hence finds it tricky to perform tasks expected of it because of these limited funds. Its state of technology alike wants making it difficult to compare and analyze any reports about dangerous products and substances. Most of the reports handed in by the FDA field inspectors are usually hand written and hence can not bleed through the system in an efficient way.The congress is working round the clock to ensure that the FDA is financially empowered to curb the challenges it faces. It asserts that in order to work efficaciously in the coming five years, the FDA would indigence an increase in its funding by fifteen percent. Clearly, there is not enough manpower to effectively oversee the sanitation of food that Americans consume each day.Another concern is about the imported food. leadership from the Democratic council claim that ninety eight point s even percent of the food from other countries is ofttimes not inspected. This is worrying because several countries America imports food from have a history of contamination and disease. pressing attention need to be given to this concern especially because of the current trend that has seen increasingly many countries manufacture contaminated food, even those whose technology and standards were considered to be satisfactory. An example would be China in the case of contaminated milk.Since the number of food products entering the country is so much that the FDA can not handle each and every product, loopholes are created, giving room to infected products to reach the market and consequently be consumed without knowledge.Americans are susceptible to consuming contaminated food as the cases of contamination increase. While this threat is glaring, The FDA, on the other hand, limits its oversight to random port-of-entry inspection of imported foods. But in the same way that the FDA has been futile to keep up domestic production, it is overwhelmed by imported foods as well, and can only inspect a round of two percent of overseas shipments (Schmidt p.2)Poor performance of the PDA and its failure to protect the health of the Americans is contributing to more and more tainted food products coming in the country. America is the biggest importer of fish, vegetables, fruits and nuts from especially China. If the current trend holds, this nation is at risk of consuming contaminated food from China.Because of the inability of the FDA to perform effectively, this country has turned in to a dumping site for infected foods and drugs. Well, other countries seem to be aware of this and may be thats the reason why currently, more cases are reported more often. Apparently, veterinary drugs also find their way in to the country illegally. Consequently, the health of our domestic animals including pets is at stake. precise many incidences have seen pets die because of consuming c ontaminated feeds from China. This means that indirectly, human health is at risk as we consume products from the animals we keep as well as the animals themselves.In order to address the embossed concerns and restore the trust Americans once had in FDA, the government should financially empower the agency. With adequate financial empowerment, it impart be able to execute its duties accordingly and boost the health of many Americans who are adversely affect by its incompetence.WORKS CITEDSchmidt, Charles W. Safe Food An All-Consuming Issue. Brogan Partners 107.3 Mar 1993 144-A149. 26 Feb 2009 http//www.jstor.org/stable/3434501?seq=2.

Bacteria Shape and Size Essay Example for Free

Bacteria Shape and Size EssayQuestionsA.What are the advantages of using bl individually as a antimicrobial? The disadvantages? The advantages of using 70% alcoholic drink? The disadvantages? The advantages of using bleach as a disinfectant is strong and effective disinfectant. Its active ingredient, sodium hypochlorite, denatures protein in micro-organisms and is therefore effective in killing bacteria, fungus, and viruses. crime syndicate bleach works quickly and is widely available at a low cost. The disadvantage is could irritates mucose membranes, the skin, and the mannerway. It also decomposes under heat or light and reacts readily with other chemicals. Bleach solutions begin to fall back its effectiveness after 2 hours. You will need to make a fresh solution for each experiment. The advantage of the 70% alcohol mixtures is capable of killing most bacteria within 5 proceedings of exposure.It is a 70% isopropyl alcohol solution suitable for use as a disinfectant and is pencil eraser for contact with the skin. Alcohol mixed with water is an effective disinfectant. The water is the mix prevents the cell from dehydrating and allows the alcohol region to disrupt the cell membrane and enter the cell resulting in the denaturing of cellular proteins. It is a 70% isopropyl alcohol for use as a disinfectant and is safe for contact with the skin. The primary disadvantages of using 70% as disinfectant are that is ineffective against that is flammable and should be not used around a ardour source. Another consideration is that it is flammable and should be not used around a flame source.B.List cardinal reasons why you might choose to stain a particular slide rather than view it as a wet mount.C.Define the following termsChromophoreAcidic DyeBasic DyeD.What is the difference in the midst of forecast and indirect staining?E.What is heat fixing? F.Why is it necessary to ensure that your specimens are completely air dried prior to heat fixing? G.Describe w hat you observed in your plaque smear wet mount, direct stain slide, and indirectly stained slide. What were the similarities? What were the differences? H.Describe what you observed in your cheek smear wet mount, direct stained slide, and indirectly stained slide. What were the similarities?What were the differences? I.Describe what you observed in your yeast wet mount, direct stained slide, and indirectly stained slide. What were the similarities? What were the differences? J.Were the cell types the same in all three specimen sets yeast, plaque, and cheek? How were they similar? How were they different?

Project Management Project Essay Example for Free

Project steering Project Essay scruple 1 South American Adventures Unlimited SA Adventures Unlimited was formed quadruple years ago by Michael and Jill Rodriguez. Michael was a trained geologist, while Jill had a masters head in Spanish. They were both avid outdoor enthusiasts and fell in love while trekking across the Andes in Chile. Upon graduation they seized upon the idea of starting their own specialized tour business that would focus on organizing and lead-in high-end adventure trips in South America. Their first trip was a three-week excursion across Ecuador and Peru. The trip was a resounding success, and they became convinced that they could make a livelihood doing something they both enjoyed. After the first year, Adventures Unlimited began to belatedly expand the size and scope of the business. The Rodriguezes strategy was a simple one. They recruited experienced, reliable people who shared their warmheartedness for South America and the outdoors. They helped the se people organize specific trips and advertised the excursion over the Internet and in travel magazines.Adventures Unlimited has grown from offering 4 trips a year to having 16 different excursions scheduled, including trips to aboriginal America. They now had an administrative support staff of three people and a relatively stable convocation of five trip planners/guides whom they hired on a trip-by-trip contract basis. The come with enjoyed a high direct of repeat business and often used their customers suggestions to organize future trips. Although the Rodriguezes were pleased with the success of their venture, they were beginning to adjoin problems that worried them about the future.A couple of the tours went over budget because of unanticipated costs, which eroded that years profit. In one case, they had to refund 30 percent of the tour fee because a group was disjunct five days in Blanco Puente after missing a train connection. They were also having a herculean success ion maintaining the high level of customer satisfaction to which they were accustomed. Customers were beginning to complain about the quality of the accommodations and the charge of the tours. One group, unfortunately, was struck by a bad case of food poisoning.Finally, the Rodriguezes were having a hard time tracking costs across projects and typically did not know how well they did until after their taxes were prepared. This made it problematic to plan future excursions. The Rodriguezes shared these concerns around the family dinner table. Among the members in attendance was Michaels younger brother, Mario, a student at a nearby university. After dinner, Mario approached Michael and Jill and suggested that they look into what business people called project management. He had been briefly exposed to project management in his Business Operations class and felt that it tycoon apply to their tour business. 1. To what extent does project management apply to Adventures Unlimited? Or , in other words, is this company managing projects? Explain your answer. Answer in a short paragraph (no more than 100 words) using baptistry size 12. Question 2 Answer question 1 on page 147 in the exercises section. Question 3 Pg. 192 Optical Disk Preinstallation Project Draw the network diagram A Complete the succeeding(a) table with information from the network diagram

Modern Art Essay Example for Free

Modern Art EssaySome state consider untried humanities not serious. In this regard, the question Can we think of redbrick art as unfeigned art? comes into existence. So to answer to this question we need to take for consideration what is art in oecumenic and what forms it has. There are a variety of arts, including visual arts and design, decorative arts, plastic arts and the playing arts. So, Art is defined as the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination. And tasteful expression takes umpteen forms painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, music, literature, and architecture are the most widely recognized forms. To begin with, when we speak most modern art, in most cases we think about the field of fine arts. Because exactly fine arts underwent the visible changes for centuries.The number of styles of painting is enormous. Artistic works can be grouped by styles accord to the common principles of creative thinking. Each epoch is character ized by a certain worldview that is why throughout the centuries the slipway of thinking about art was also changing. Fine arts faced such styles as Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism, Realism, Impressionism and so on. Modern art refers to works produced during the period from 1870. Typic anyy, modern artists rejected previous Renaissance-based traditions, in favour of new forms of artistic experimentation. They used new materials, new techniques of painting, and developed new theories about how art should reflect the perceived world.And nowadays there exists a capacious amount of styles of Modern art, for example Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, writ of execution Art, Dada Style, Neoplasticism, Sur substantiveist Style, Postminimalism, Graffiti Art, etc. Concerning the question of modern art its quite difficult to judge, only nevertheless people are divided into two sides pros and cons. First and foremost art implies the inseparability of form and sum and of course talen t. Famous artists affirmed that it is necessary to master the skill the main component of the art. But many modern works have lack of this component.Modern art has no its purpose to create the artistic work, that is why modern artists are indifferent to internal connection of form and content. Therefore it is impossible without accompanying comment for example the artist can grab a canvas, paint it in different colors and put some strokes on it, and this kind of painting can represent his happiness. Because it is often said that modern art can be done without any talent or efforts.After all real art needs to show emotion, beauty, and needs to be a window to the artistsemotions. Art is something that you see and moldiness look deeply into to understand or find beauty in. Modern art is art that a 5 year old can do so it has too little effort to be considered art. Many people believe that such so called artists are supported by the mass media, that is why their works are sold for mill ion dollars. Every person could take a brush and do smth like that, but no one would buy this daub. They say Leonardo was a great artist. Raphael was a great artist, but modern ones cant be compared.So for the great majority of people modern art is not serious. On the other hand, who is anyone to judge what real art is? After all our understanding of art comes to nothing more than our school knowledge about periods of Renaissance, Classicism or Modern. exactly because one doesnt like or understand the art, doesnt mean that the art is not real art. Besides, it should be tell that there is the term contemporary art, meaning the work of artists of the 90-ies of XX century. It represents the mirror of contemporary world. And often great

Alcohol Dependence Essay Example for Free

watersp go forth beverage Dep final stageence EssayAn sousing is a man or a woman who suffers from alcoholic drinkic beverageism they bemexercising a distinct physiological desire to consume alcohol beyond their capacity to figure it, regardless of all rules of common sense. fit in to Alcoholics Anonymous UK, who say they view as no unique definition for alcoholism, it may be described as a physical compulsion, together with a mental obsession. Apart from having an enormous craving for alcohol, an alcoholic frequently yields to that craving at the worst possible times. The alcoholic knows neither when nor how to stop deglutition. Definition an alcoholic is a individual, dapple alcoholism is the illness.An alcoholic suffers from alcoholism. Alcoholism is a presbyopic-term (chronic) disease. Alcoholics atomic number 18 obsessed with alcohol and brook non control how much they consume, even out if it is causing spartan problems at home, work, and financially. Alcohol roast generally refers to lot who do not display the characteristics of alcoholism, but still fool a problem with it they argon not as dependent on alcohol as an alcoholic is they have not yet completely lose their control over its consumption. restrict alcohol consumption testament not generally cause any(prenominal) psychological or physical harm.However, for whatever individuals, social reveling eventually hires to heavier and heavier alcohol consumption, which does cause serious wellness and psychological problems. Alcoholism in the UK one and only(a) in every 13 plurality in the United Kingdom is an alcoholic, gibe to the NHS (National Health Service) statistics. Even among populate who argon not dependent on alcohol, a sizeable proportion confuse too much. In the USA, 15% of Americans ar problem juicers, while between 5% to 10% of male and 3% to 5% of female drinkers could be diagnosed as alcohol dependent, according to the National Institutes of H ealth (NIH).The World Health Organization (WHO) says on that point be at least(prenominal) 140 million alcoholics in the world unfortunately, the majority of them are not come up toed. A US probe estimated that ab bug out 30% of Americans report having an alcohol disorder at some time in their lives. Alcohol consumption to a greater extent unappeasablely affects women than men, according to a coordinated fill simple machineried out by researchers at RTI International, Pavlov checkup University, Leningrad Regional Center of Addictions, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.A Canadian psychoanalyze ready that alcohol is a factor in 1 in 25 deaths worldwide. The British Medical Association says that alcohol kills six people in Scotland every day. The lifetime risk of alcohol-use disorders for men is more than 20%, with a risk of about(predicate) 15% for alcohol abuse and 10% for alcohol habituation, according to researchers fro m the University of California, San Diego, USA. Alcohol consumption, when in moderation can have some positive terminations on health. Moderate red wine intoxication has several health realizes.Researchers at the University of Illinois found that injured uncomplainings with alcohol in their fund have a smaller chance of dying in hospital. The researchers said that their fetchings should not countenance people to drink. What are the symptoms of alcoholism? The signs of alcoholism and alcohol abuse are very similar, and are much just a question of degree or intensity. Typically, the last someone to be aware that he/she has a serious drinking problem is the alcoholic himself/herself they are in denial. Some signs and symptoms of alcoholism as well as alcohol abuse include Drinking alone.Drinking in secret. Not creation able to limit how much alcohol is consumed. B omiting out not being able to repute chunks of time. Having rituals and being irritated/annoyed when these rit uals are disturbed or commented on. This could be drinks before/during/after meals, or after work. Dropping hobbies and activities the person used to enjoy losing interest in them. legal opinion an urge to drink. Feeling irritable when drinking times approach. This feeling is more intense if the alcohol is not available, or in that respect appears to be a chance it may not be available. Having stashes of alcohol in un managely places.draft drinks down in order to get drunk and then feel good. Having relationship problems (triggered by drinking). Having problems with the police force (caused by drinking). Having work problems (caused by drinking, or drinking as root cause). Having money problems (caused by drinking). Requiring a humongousr quantity of alcohol to feel its effect. Nausea, sweating, or even shaking when not drinking. A person who abuses alcohol may have many of these signs and symptoms but they do not have the withdrawal symptoms like an alcoholic does, nor the sam e degree of compulsion to drink.The problems conjugated to alcohol dependence are extensive, and affect the person physically, psychologically and socially. Drinking locomotes a compulsion for a person with a drink problem it takes anteriority over all some other activities. It can remain undetected for several years. drunk man cunning on the table with whiskey glass What is bout drinking? In the UK, binge drinking occurs when a man consumes more than eight units of alcohol and a woman consumes over six units in one sitting. Drinking large amounts of alcohol now-and-again is worse for the heath than frequently drinking small quantities.Binge drinking has become a growing problem in many countries, peculiarly in the UK where 40% of soupcon hospital admittances are alcohol-related. Sipping wine, beer or spirits three to four times per week ontogenys the risk of binge drinking, particularly among young men, according to a study carried out by researchers from the Universite d e Montreal and the University of Western Ontario. Men who drink 22 or more units of alcohol a week have a 20% advanceder(prenominal) rate of admissions into acute care hospitals than non-drinkers, researchers from the University of Glasgow found.Binge drinking among college students and heart disease researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology that healthy young adults who rhythmically binge drink may have a higher risk of heart disease later in life. Senior author, Shane A. Phillips and team found that college binge drinkers show damage to blood vessels similar to that caused by high cholesterol and hypertension, both factors linked to heart disease.Phillips said Regular binge drinking is one of the most serious public health problems confronting our college campuses, and drinking on college campuses has become more pervasive and destructive. Binge drinking is neurotoxic and our data clog that in that respe ct may be serious cardiovascular consequences in young adults. What causes alcoholism (alcohol dependence)? Alcohol dependence is a gradual process which can take from a few years to several decades to become a problem with some very vulnerable people addiction can come in a question of months.Eventually, over time, regular alcohol consumption can disrupt the balance of the mentality chemical GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which controls impulsiveness, as well as glutamate, which stimulates the nervous system. Brain levels of dopamine are raise when we consume alcohol dopamine levels may venture the drinking experience more gratifying. Over the long- or medium-term, excessive drinking can significantly alter the levels of these caput chemicals, making the persons body crave alcohol in order to feel good and avoid feeling bad.These risk factors may likewise be linked to excessive drinking Genes scientists say there are specific genetic factors which may make some people mor e likely to become addicted to alcohol, as well as other substances. People who have a family history of addiction are at higher risk for abusing alcohol. Alcoholics are six times more likely than nonalcoholic to have blood relatives who are alcohol dependent. Researchers from the Universidad de Granada, Spain, revealed that the lack of endorphin is hereditary, and thus that there is a genetic predisposition to become addicted to alcohol.The age of first alcoholic drink a study found that people who started drinking alcohol before the age of 15 were much more likely to have an alcohol problem later in life. modest drinking in the USA is common 26. 6% of Americans under the legal age for alcohol consumption are drinking, a new report issued by SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services) informed in a new report. The authors explained that although some progress had been made in the short term to reduce underage drinking, particularly among children aged up to 17 years, un derage drinking rates are still excessively high in the USA.Of the 12-20 year olds who said they had drunk alcohol during the previous four weeks, 8. 7% had bought it themselves. Pamela S. Hyde, an AMHSA Administrator, said Underage drinking should not be a normal part of growing up. Its a serious and lasting public health problem that puts our young people and our communities in danger. Even though drinking is a great deal glamorized, the truth is that underage drinking can depart to poor academic performance, sexual assault, injury, and even death. Smoking, especially non-daily smokers A study by Yale University researchers found that non-daily smokers are five times more likely to have a problem with alcohol compared to people who have never smoked. Easy access Experts say there is a correlation between easy access to alcohol (cheap prices) and alcohol abuse and alcohol-related deaths. A US study found a strong link between alcohol tax increases in 1983 and 2002 and a signif icant drop in deaths related to alcohol use in one American ground the effect was found to be nearly two to four times that of other prevention strategies much(prenominal) as school programs or media campaigns.Stress some stress hormones are linked to alcoholism. If our levels of stress, anxiety are high some of us may consume alcohol in an attempt to blank out the upheaval. Military service members returning from Iraq and Afghanistan are likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders simultaneously, according to researchers at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Peer drinking people who have friends who drink regularly or abuse alcohol are more likely to drink excessively and eventually have an alcohol problem.Low self-conceit experts say that people with low self-esteem who have alcohol readily available are more likely to abuse it. Depression people with depression may deliberately or unwittingly use alcohol as a sum of s elf-treatment. On the other hand, a statistical modeling study suggested that alcohol abuse may lead to depression risk, rather than vice versa. Media and advertising in some countries alcohol is portrayed as a glamorous, worldly and cool activity. Many experts believe that alcohol advertising and media coverage of it may convey the subject that excessive drinking is acceptable.The Royal College of Physicians is asking for a European Union ban on alcohol advertising to protect children. How the body processes (metabolizes) alcohol people who need comparatively more alcohol to chance on an effect have a higher risk of eventually having an alcohol problem, a study carried out by researchers at the University of California, San Diego, found. Ads by Google colorful Damage Symptoms If You Have These 3 Symptoms You May Have Liver Damage. See Now. hearthappy. com 90% Lower Alcohol Craving New Way To Help Drinking Problems. sustain 90% Success Rate declinol.com Heart Attack Signs? Know the 4 Bodily Signs. Take The dim-witted Heart Test Now www. simplehearttest. com How is alcoholism diagnosed? In the USA a person must fitting the criteria laid out in the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), published by the APA (American Psychiatric Association). This includes a pattern of alcohol abuse which leads to considerable impairment or distress. The patient of should experience at least three of the criteria below during the past 12 months Alcohol tolerance the patient needs a large quantity of alcohol to feel intoxicated.However, when the liver is damaged and cannot metabolize the alcohol so well, this tolerance may drop. Damage to the central nervous system may also reduce tolerance levels. Withdrawal symptoms when the patient abstains from alcohol or cuts down he/she experiences tremors, insomnia, nausea or anxiety. Typically, the patient drinks more to avoid these symptoms. beyond intentions the patient ends up drinking more alcoh ol, or drinks for a longer period than he/she in flowed. un in(predicate)ly attempting to cut down the patient is continuously trying to cut down alcohol consumption, but does not succeed.Or the patient has a persistent desire to cut down. Time consuming the patient spends a lot of time obtaining, using or recovering from alcohol consumption. Withdrawal the patient withdraws from recreational, social, or occupational activities. This did not used to be the case. Persistence the patient carries on consuming alcohol even though he/she knows it is harming him/her physically and psychologically. Some signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse may be due to another condition, or simple aging, such(prenominal) as memory problems, or falling.Some patients may go to their doctor about a medical condition, such as a digestive problem, and not mention their alcohol abuse. It is not always easy for a doctor to identify candidates for alcohol dependency screening. If a doctor suspects alcohol may be a problem, he/she may ask a series of questions if the patient answers in a certain way the doctor may go on to use a convertible questionnaire. A single question can identify unhealthy alcohol use in patients, a study revealed. Blood tests can only reveal very recent alcohol consumption.They cannot tell whether a person has been drinking heavily for a long time. If a blood test reveals that the red blood cells have change magnitude in size it could be an indication of long-term alcohol abuse. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) this is a test which helps detect heavy alcohol consumption. It is a blood test. in that location are other tests which can indicate whether the liver has been damaged, or whether a man has reduced testosterone levels however, screening with a good questionnaire is seen as the most legal means for an accurate diagnosis.Most alcoholics deny they have a problem and tend to minimize the extent of their drinking. Talking to family members may help the doctor in his/her diagnosis (permission will be needed for this). Complications of alcoholism and alcohol abuse Usually, drinking alcohol initially elevates the persons mood. However, after a long period of regular heavy drinking the persons nervous system will become depressed and the drinker will become sedated by alcohol. Alcohol may undermine a persons judgment it can depress inhibitions and alter the drinkers thoughts, emotions and general behavior.Heavy regular drinking can have a serious effect on a persons ability to coordinate his/her muscles and speak properly. Heavy binge drinking could cause the patient to go into coma. Eventually, regular heavy drinking may cause at least one of the chase problems Fatigue the patient is tired most of the time. Memory loss especially the patients short-term memory. Eye muscles the pump muscles can become significantly weaker. Liver diseases the patient has a considerably higher chance of growing hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Cir rhosis of the liver is an irreversible and progressive condition.Gastrointestinal complications the patient can develop gastritis, or pancreas damage. These problems also seriously undermine the bodys ability to digest food, absorb certain vitamins, and produce hormones which regulate metabolism. Hypertension regular heavy drinking invariably raises the persons blood pressure. Heart problems regular heaving drinking can lead to cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle), heart failure, and stroke. Diabetes alcoholics have a very high risk of developing diabetes font 2. Patients who have diabetes will invariably have serious complications if they are regular heavy drinkers of alcohol.Alcohol prevents the justify of glucose from the liver, causing hypoglycemia. A person with diabetes is already taking insulin to lower his/her blood sugar levels hypoglycemia could be devastating. Menstruation alcoholism will usually stop menstruation or disrupt it. Erectile disfunction alcoholic me n are much more likely to have problems getting an erection, or sustaining one. foetal alcohol syndrome women who abuse alcohol during their pregnancy are much more likely to have babies with behave defects, including a small head, heart problems, shortened eyelids, as well as developmental and cognitive problems. film editing bones alcoholics invariably suffer from thinning of the bones because alcohol interferes with the production of new bone. This means an increased risk of fractures. Nervous system problems alcoholism often causes numbness in the extremities, dementia and confused/ bemused thinking. Cancer alcoholics have a much higher risk of developing several cancers, including cancer of the mouth, esophagus, liver, colon, rectum, breast, prostatic and pharynx. An international study found that the key causes of bowel cancer are alcohol and fume.In fact, even moderate alcohol consumption is linked to a higher incidence of cancer among women, a study found. Another st udy found that consuming just two or more drinks per day could increase a persons risk of pancreatic cancer by about 22%. Accidents alcoholics are vulnerable to injuries from falls, car crashes, being run over, etc. The NIH says that over half of all American traffic deaths are alcohol-related. internal abuse alcohol is a major factor in spouse beating, child abuse, and conflicts with neighbors.Work (school) problems physical exertion problems, unemployment, school problems, are often alcohol-related. Suicide suicide rates among people who are alcohol-dependent or who abuse alcohol are much higher than among other people. Mental illness alcohol abuse can cause mental illness and make existing mental illnesses worse. Problems with the law the percentage of alcoholics who end up in court or in prison is significantly higher compared to the rest of the population. stretchability for the whiskey glass Treatment for alcohol dependencySome medical inpatients with unhealthy alcohol use may benefit from a brief intervention, say researchers from Boston University School of Medicine. The first step for the alcoholic is to acknowledge that there is an alcohol dependency problem. The next step is to get help. In most of the world there are several support pigeonholings and professional services available. A study found that people with a lasting psychosocial life situation often delay in seeking help for their alcohol problems even though they are serious.In another study, published in March 2012, scientists from Norway re-analyzed data from old trials that tested lysergic acid diethylamide (lysergic acid diethylamide) for the treatment of alcoholism and concluded that a single dose of the psychedelic drug was effective in decreasing alcohol misuse. Researchers from the Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, informed in Frontiers in pharmacological medicine in October 2012 that veterans who smoke have a higher risk of alcohol abuse relapse than non-smokers.They added that smoking while trying to salute up drinking impairs memory, learning and other cognitive skills, which undermine successful sobriety. The following are recognised treatment options for alcoholism Do-it-yourself experts say about 30% of people with an alcohol problem manage to reduce their drinking or abstain without seeking professional help. There is a great deal of material in books and the internet that may help the self-helper. Counseling a qualified counselor can help the alcoholic talk through his/her problems and then devise a plan to tackle the drinking.CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) is commonly used to treat alcohol dependency. Treating underlying problems the alcoholic may have a problem with self-esteem, stress, anxiety, depression, or some other mental health problem. It is important to treat these problems too. It is crucial for the alcoholic to realize that drinking will probably make mental health problems worse. As alcoholics commonly suffer from hypertension, liver diseases, and possibly heart diseases, these will need to be treated too. residential programs residential programs are ideal for some people.They include expert professional help, individual or group therapy, support groups, training, family involvement, activity therapy, and a host of strategies that are aimed at treating the alcoholic successfully. Some people find that being physically away from access to temptation is a great help. Drug that provokes a severe reaction to alcohol Antabuse (disulfiram) causes a severe reaction when somebody drinks alcohol, including nausea, flushing, vomiting and headaches. It is a deterrent. It will not treat the alcoholics compulsion and will not cure alcoholism.Drugs for cravings Naltrexone (ReVia) may help with the urge to have a drink. Acamprosate (Campral) may help with cravings. Hormone ghrelin Researchers at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, have discover ed a new brain mechanism involved in alcohol addiction involving the stomach hormone ghrelin. When ghrelins actions in the brain are blocked, alcohols effects on the reward system are reduced. It is an important discovery that could lead to new therapies for addictions such as alcohol dependence.Detoxification the patient takes some medication to prevent withdrawal symptoms (delirium tremens) which many alcoholics experience when they give up drinking. Treatment usually lasts from four to seven days. Chlordiazepoxide, a benzodiazepine medication, is frequently used for detoxification (detox). Doses will be initially high, and will then taper off. It is important that the patient abstains completely from alcohol during the detox. Staying on the black Maria (remaining abstinent) some patients find the detox acheivable, but start drinking again soon after, or some time later.It is important to remember Samuel Johnsons phrase If at first you dont succeed. Try, try, and try again. Su ccess rates are significantly improved if the patient has access to counseling or some support group. Family support is crucial. sometimes a good GP can provide vital support. A study found that genetics is a factor in predicting the risk of relapse among alcohol-dependent patients. Further Reading What is Alcohol insobriety? What are the Dangers of Alcohol Poisoning? Written by Christian Nordqvist Copyright Medical News nowadays

Moss and McAdams Accounting Firm Essay Example for Free

Moss and McAdams Accounting Firm Essay1. At the end of the case if you were Palmer, how would you reply?It was clear from the beginning everyone involved could have handled things more profession bothy in order to maximize while, and resources man maintaining a healthy and productive work environment for all employees. From the start of the project it was evident that Olds association and skills were definitely in demand. Because his expertise was so in demand, when met with an organizational structure that had an obvious weak intercellular substance structure, it caused great adversity. In this case we learn Ruby Sands had the role of functional manager and wherefore ultimately made a decision that affected Palmers account.As soon as Palmer recognized the problems he should have addressed the issue then and presented the possible risk, moving forward the best picking for Palmer is to find a suitable replacement for Olds. And accept the fact that valuable employees leave projects all the time for one reason or another. Also, Palmer should address his concerns regarding the situation on a whole to include Crosbys unwillingness to be a team player as a way to void similar situations happening in the firms future. In conclusion, Palmer is the project manager it is his responsibility to handle all aspects of the project to include communication. Effective communication would have lead to a better outcome.2. Discuss what Palmer could do, if anything, to avoid losing OldsProject managers are ultimately responsible for performance. Therefore it is Palmers responsibility to ensure that appropriate communications protocol is made between the time, cost and performance requirements of the project. In addition, the project manager is also responsible for the aspects of Leadership, such(prenominal) as problem solving, teamwork, negative politics and customer expectations. To avoid losing Olds, Palmer should have realized the struggles Olds was faced with, su ch as working extra hours to accommodate both projects and accounts, as a result the impact that it had on work-life balance took its toll on Olds and put him in a difficult position.

Short Story - Suicidal Tendencies Essay Example for Free

Short Story Suicidal Tendencies EssayJamie stepped into the betting mail and instantly a warm blast of hot air hit him and the stink of unwashed bodies and seamy deodorant all overpowered his nose so that was all he could smell. He made his way through the smoke-filled haze of cigarette smoke towards the betting answer carefully moving round the leather sofas and chairs and attempt not to step in any chewing gum or a half eaten drinking chocolate bar. The guy at the desk looked up at him through the glass and asked, Can I help you sir? Id corresponding to place a bet please he stated. Name please the man at the counter asked and as Jamie replied he tapped it into his database Were sorry but were afraid weve found a problem he speak quietly What kind of problem? Jamie asked nervously Perhaps youd like to come round he said, crack the door to his left as he spoke and ushered Jamie into the managers office. As the door closed behind him, Jamie took in his surroundings h e was in a large office with a 32-inch plasma screen at one end, a comfortable flavour sofa on the wall and a desk with a bare-ass computer on it.A man was sitting behind the desk. A middle aged, harassed looking man. He started to speak softly and indicated to Jamie to take a seat on the sofa. Were sorry but found on your credit report, we notifyt allow you to make any more bets as youre almost in debt But.. please Come on youve got to let me get Jamie said, his voice gradually getting louder. Sorry, I neediness there was something we could do.. but we cant, sorry I HATE YOU, I WISH YOU WERE DEAD Jamie screamed at the manager, he jumped up and knocked a picture of the wall with his hand then stormed out of the office, knocking over chairs and thrust a 60 year old man over. He felt betrayed and wished his life would end, that was when he distinct to commit suicide because he hated life. The manager came out of the betting shop and said to him If you can find i 10 we can allow you bet again as your credit constrain will be raised Jamie calmed down then and went of for a walk. Throughout the rest of the day he tried everywhere to get i10 so he could be allowed to bet again, as it was his passion, he was an addict. Towards the end of the day, Jamie got increasingly frustrated about not being able to find i 10. Eventually he was so angry that he wanted to commit suicide so he went up to the top of a 10 storey car park and as he stood, toes pointing over the edge, poised to jump, he started to come round and resolute to back out as he decided he could find the money by other means but then he remembered, the doubt he felt in the office and jumped.jumped of the edge.As he hit the ground with a uneasy crunch and broke both his legs, blood started to pour out his shirt he saw, next to him, a i 10 note. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student indite piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section .

The weaknesses of the Ontological argument give support to Atheism. Discuss this statement Essay Example for Free

The weaknesses of the Onto system of logical systemal bank line give go to Atheism. Discuss this statement Es advanceAnselms ontological argument described in part (a), was refuted in his own lifetime, by Gaunilo, who demonstrated in a reduction ad irrationalum of his own, that if the logic of the argument were applied to things other than matinee idol, it led to invalid conclusions. Gaunilo didnt identify any specific teddy with the argument, but argued that something must be wrong with it, because if there wasnt anything wrong, then we can use its logic to prove anything, which we may occupy no reason to believe to be true. For instance, Gaunilo argued that its possible to throw an argument in the exact same form as the ontological argument, that claims to prove the humanity of the holy island this island must exist for if it did not then it would be possible to conceive of an island great than that island than which no greater can be conceived, which is absurd. Ther efore, if the ontological argument be givens, then the argument for the cosmea of the perfect island must work too. They be both logically similar, so they stand, or fall together.However, the argument for the island is clearly spurious, as we project no reason for this perfect island to exist. Unless a theist can point to some relevant diversion between his argument for the existence of matinee idol, and Gaunilos argument for the existence of the perfect island, the theist will have to abandon the ontological argument for the existence of God, as well as Gaunilos, because if one fails, then they both do, as they are so similar. This weakness of the ontological argument chip ins fuel to the fire for atheists through Gaunilo displace forward his argument for the existence of the perfect island as an protest to the ontological argument. He knew that they would both fall, which shows that neither argument works which further supports atheists.Another weakness of the ontological argument which gives support to atheists is Immanuel Kants objection to it Existence is not a Predicate. Fundamental to both Anselms and Descartes form of the ontological argument is that existence is a predicate, an attribute or a quality that can be possessed or lacked. These qualities for example, may or may not belong to a thing or being and their presence or absence is part of our soul and apprehension of it. Kant observed provided, that existence isnt associated with the definition of something, since it didnt add to our understanding of that thing.This supports atheism as existence is merely something that we can have or not have, and it is absurd to say what something is like without it existing. It also supports atheism as an atheist would say that we cant attribute existence a priori to a definition of a perfect being.Bertrand Russell furthered Kants observations, proposing that existence was not a predicate, but a term used to solely indicate the instance of something in the spatio temporal world. To say something exists only tells us that that thing occupies a space on the earth. For example saying Cows are brown, and exist tells us only one thing they are brown. The and exist shows that they are on the earth, however its a tautology since to say they are brown, effectively suggests that they exist and arent imaginary.Thomas doubting Thomas had already questioned this aspect of the ontological argument, claiming that Anselm was guilty of making transitional error moving from the definition of God to the existence of Him. He observed that Anselm also was guilty of making an assumption about the definition of God that was not necessarily shared by all believers. This supports atheism because not all believers believed in Anselms definition of God, which poses the question, if people have different views on the right or wrong definition of God, whats to say that they could ALL be wrong, and atheism is the truth in it all? Furthermore, Aquinas sai d that understanding the term God means that God exists in the understanding, not in reality.Gods existence in reality must be demonstrated a posteriori, with evidence or experience. Atheism is support in this way, as atheists could argue that anyone can believe what they like in their minds, but something has to be discernible in material form in reality to be actually real. Overall, the weaknesses generally give support to atheism as they show alternatives and flaws in the ontological argument. The ways in which atheists interpret the critics objections leads to further belief that God does not exist. Atheists are supported primarily by the fact that the ontological argument is a priori, so does not rely on semiempirical evidence, therefore if there was empirical evidence for Gods existence, they might be swayed slightly in their beliefs.